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OFFICE LOCATION MAILING ADDRESS
Copeland, Cook, Taylor & Bush, P.A. Copeland, Cook, Taylor & Bush, P.A. 600 Concourse, Suite 100 Post Office Box 6020
1076 Highland Colony Parkway Ridgeland, MS 39158
Ridgeland, MS 39157
ATTORNEY OVERVIEW Bill Leech is a shareholder at Copeland, Cook, Taylor and Bush, P.A., and is a senior litigator in the Creditors’ Rights and Bankruptcy section with over 25 years of practice experience. His practice focuses primarily on the representation of financial institutions and other creditors in loan workout, creditor bankruptcy, foreclosure, commercial litigation, lender liability matters, consumer credit, class action litigation, and alternative dispute resolution. Bill was selected for inclusion in Woodward White's Best Lawyers in America, in Mid-South Super Lawyers, Corporate Counsel Magazine's listing of Top Lawyers, and is AV Peer Review Rated by Martindale Hubbell.
Bill has acted as both lead trial counsel and co-counsel in several bankruptcy class actions against major national banks and mortgage lenders, and has served as lead counsel defending lenders in mass actions filed in state and federal courts throughout Mississippi. He has also represented creditors in bankruptcy cases throughout the United States.
Bill has significant experience in many types of lender liability, consumer credit, bankruptcy, creditors' rights and commercial litigation matters, including business torts, class actions, Truth-in-Lending Act and RESPA claims, credit bureau reporting disputes, satellite dish litigation, fraudulent transfer and preference claims, stay litigation, lease and installment contract litigation, plan and disclosure statement litigation, jurisdictional litigation, and independent disputes arising from bankruptcy and collection matters. He also has substantial experience as both an arbitrator and as a mediator, having been selected for inclusion in the Mississippi Bar Association Directory of Mediators.
Bill has served as a faculty member for numerous bankruptcy, creditors' rights and class action-related commercial litigation seminars, and has authored or co-authored many published articles on bankruptcy law and procedure, personal property foreclosure, creditors' rights, class actions, and related commercial litigation. He also holds an academic appointment6 as an Adjunct Professor of Secured Transactions and Creditors' Rights at the Mississippi College School of Law, as well as an Adjunct Professor of Business Law and Business Ethics in both the M.B.A. and undergraduate programs at Belhaven College. Bill has served since 1997 as Coach of the Mississippi College School of Law competition teams to the Chief Judge Conrad B. Dubberstein National Bankruptcy Memorial Moot Court Competition, and was inducted in 2008 as a non-student member of the Order of Barristers.
PRACTICE AREAS Bankruptcy Business Litigation Class Action Defense Collections Commercial Finance Commercial Litigation Consumer Financial Services
EDUCATION Bill received his J.D. from Vanderbilt School of Law in 1981 and his B.A. from Millsaps College (summa cum laude) in 1978. At Millsaps, he was the recipient of the Founder's Medal, and at Vanderbilt University School of Law, he was a Patrick Wilson Scholar and a member of the Vanderbilt Law Review.
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS/MEMBERSHIPS American Arbitration Association Mississippi Advisory Council - Qualified Neutral for the United States District Courts for the Northern and Southern Districts of Mississippi American Bankruptcy Institute Association of Commercial Finance Attorneys Bar Association of the Fifth Federal Circuit Barrister Member, Charles Clark Inns of Court Business Law, Litigation, Tort and Insurance Practice, and Dispute Resolution Sections of the American Bar Association Federal Bar Association Hinds County Republican Executive Committee - (1997-2002) Mississippi Bar Association - Business Law, Litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution Sections - Judicial Evaluation Committee (1992-1993); Bar Elections Committee (1998-1999) Mississippi Bar Foundation Fellow National Panel of Commercial Arbitrators, American Arbitration Association - Selected for the Mississippi Bar Association's Directory of Mediators Panel of Arbitrators and Mediators, National Arbitration Forum - Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc. (Board of Directors (1987-1993), President (1989-1990), Vice-President (1988-1989), Secretary - Treasurer (1987-1988), Chairman, Alternate Dispute Resolution Committee (1999, 2000), Chairman, Ad Hoc Bankruptcy Law Forum Committee (1991), Chairman, Nomination Committee (1991), Chairman, Rules Advisory Committee to the United States Bankruptcy Courts for the Northern and Southern Districts of Mississippi (1987), Chairman, Education Committee (1986)). 1990 Delegate to the Judicial Conference of the Fifth Circuit
ADMITTED TO PRACTICE Choctaw Tribal Court Mississippi State Courts U.S. District Courts for the Northern and Southern District of Mississippi U.S. District Courts for the Northern and Southern Districts of Texas U.S. Supreme Court United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
REPORTED CASES
Origen Financial, L.L.C. v. Thompson
2007 WL 3407391 (S.D. Miss. 2007) – 2007
In re: McDuffie
2007 WL 3226844 (S.D. Miss. 2007) – 2007
Brown v. J.P. Morgan/Chase Bank
2006 WL 2095404 (S.D. Miss. 2006) – 2006
In re Consultrix Technologies, Inc.
2006 WL 4446466 (Bankr. S.D. Miss. 2006) – 2006
Huntington Nat. Bank v. Entecap Corp.
2006 WL 3519346 (S.D. Miss. 2006) – 2006
Johnson v. Bay City South Mortgage Company
928 So.2d 888 (Miss. App. 2005) – 2005
Owen & Galloway, L.L.C. v. Smart Corp.
- So.2d -, 2005 WL 674809 (Miss. 2005) - 2005
In re: Harris
312 B.R. 591, (N.D. Miss. 2004). - 2004
In re: Heath
305 B.R. 249 (Bankr. N.D. Miss. 2004). - 2004
Johnson v. J.P Morgan Chase & Co.
2004 WL 2370621 (N.D. Miss. 2004). - 2004
Knight v. Chase Manhattan Mortgage Corp.
2004 WL 2297694 (N.D. Miss. 2004). - 2004
Republic Finance v. Cauthen
343 F. Supp. 2d 529 (N.D. Miss. 2004). - 2004
Rosemont Gardens Funeral Chapel - Cemetary, Inc. v. Trustmark National Bank
330 F. Supp. 2d 80/2004 WL (S.D. Miss. 2004). - 2004
Wilson v. Bank of America Corp.
2004 WL 443881 (S.D. Miss. 2004). - 2004
Boyd v. American Heritage Ins. Co.
282 F. Supp. 2d 502 (S.D. Miss. 2003). - 2003
Reed v. Mississippi Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co.
299 B.R. 804 (S.D. Miss. 2003). - 2003
Sylvester Harris, et. al. v. Washington Mutual Home Loans, Inc.
297 B.R. 61 (Banks. N.D. Miss. 2003). - 2003
American Heritage Life Ins. Co. v. Orr
294 F. 3d 702, (5th Cir. 2002). - 2002
Bank One, N.A. v. Coates
125 F.Supp.2d 819 (S.D. Miss. 2001), aff'd without op., 2002 U.S. App. Lexis 7793 (5th Cir. 2002). – 2002
Bank One v. Shumake
281 F. 3d 507 (5th Cir. 2002). – 2002
Bank One, N.A. v. Boyd
288 F. 3d 181, 2002 (5th Cir. 2002). - 2002
Roberts v. Chandaleur Homes, Inc., et.al
F. Supp. 2d (S.D. Miss. 2002). - 2002
Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. v. Farr
F. Supp. 2d (S.D. Miss. 2001). - 2002
Bank One, N.A. v. Lewis
144 F.Supp.2d 640, (S.D. Miss. 2001). - 2001
Cain v. American Heritage Life Ins. Co.
2001 WL 34403090 (S.D. Miss. 2001). - 2001
Chickaway v. Bank One Dayton, N.A.
261 B.R. 646 (5. D. Miss. 2001). - 2001
General Electric Capital Corp. v. Haymer
151 F. Supp.2d 753 (5. D. Miss. 2001). - 2001
Wade v. Bailey
267 B.R. 874 (S.D. Miss. 2001). - 2001
Siount v. National Lending Corp., Inc.
108 F. Supp. 2d 666 (S.D. Miss. 2000). - 2000
Gray v. WMC Mortgage Corp.
2000 WL 33706390 (S.D. Miss. 2000). - 2000
In re: Gunsmith's, Inc.
271 B.R. 487 (S.D. Miss. 2000). - 2000
In re: Supertrail Mgf. Co., Inc.
276 B.R. 136 (Bankr. N.D. Miss. 2000). - 2000
Raesly v. Grand Housing, Inc.
105 F. Supp.2d 562 (S.D. Miss. 2000). - 2000
Freeman Horn v. Trustmark National Bank
245 B.R. 820 (Bankr. S.D. Miss. 1999). - 1999
In re: Condere Corp.
228 B.R. 615 (Bankr. S.D. Miss. 1998). - 1998
Matter of Treasure Say Corp.
205 B.R. 490 (Bankr. S.D. Miss. 1997). - 1997
Matters of Treasure Say Corporation, Treasure Bay Gaming and Resorts, Inc.
212 B.R. 520 (Bankr. S.D. Miss. 1997). – 1997
In re: Biloxi Casino Belle, Inc.
176 B.R. 427 (Bankr. S.D. Miss. 1995). - 1995
In re: Wood
113 B.R. 253 (S.D. Miss. 1990) – 1990
Wood v. Wood
84 B.R. 432 (S.D. Miss. 1988). - 1988
Wood v. Wood
825 F.2d 90 (5th Cir. 1987). - 1987
Helena Chemical Co. v. Manley
47 B.R. 72 (Bankr. N.D. Miss. 1985). - 1985
SPEECHES AND PRESENTATIONS
“Small Business Provisions/Single Asset Real Estate Chapter 11 Cases Under BAPCPA”
Lecturer and author, 13th Annual Mid-South Conference on Bankruptcy Law (Tunica,
Mississippi) – 2007
“Asset Protection Strategies Affected By BAPCPA”
Lecturer and author, 26th Annual Seminar – Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc.
(Jackson, Mississippi) – 2007
“Asset Protection Strategies Affected By BAPCPA”
Lecturer, 11th Annual Southeast Bankruptcy Workshop – American Bankruptcy
Institute (Amelia Island, Florida) - 2006
"Update on Bankruptcy Developments"
Lecturer and author, The Credit Law Institute (Santa Monica, California). - 2005
"Litigating Consumer Class Actions in Bankruptcy Court"
Lecturer and author, American Conference Institute (Chicago, Illinois) - 2005
"Hot and Developing Consumer Topics"
Lecturer and co-author, 18th Annual Memphis Bar Association Bankruptcy Section Seminar (Memphis, Tennessee). - 2004
"Bad Faith Case Filings, Case Dismissals and Conversions Under Chapters 7, 11, & 13"
Lecturer and co-author, 18th Annual Memphis Bar Association Bankruptcy Section Seminar (Memphis, Tennessee) - 2004
"Consumer Bankruptcy"
Lecturer and co-author, American Conference Institute (New York City, New York). - 2004
"Mississippi State & Federal Legislative Update"
Lecturer, FNBB - MNBB - ABB Annual Summer Conference (Destin, Florida). – 2004
"The Future of Consumer Financial Services Law"
Panelist, The Conference on Consumer Finance Law (Maui, Hawaii) - 2004
"Class Actions in Bankruptcy Court and Update of Section 524 Private Right of Action Defense"
Lecturer and author, The Conference on Consumer Finance Law (Honolulu, Hawaii). - 2004
"Class Litigation in Mississippi State Courts"
Panelist, Charles Clark Inn of Court. - 2004
"Private Rights of Action and Class Actions in Bankruptcy Court"
Lecturer and author, 10th Annual Mid-South Conference on Bankruptcy Law. - 2004
"Mississippi Class Action Symposium"
Panelist, Mississippi Supreme Court, Mississippi Court of Appeals and Mississippi College School of Law. - 2004
"Bankruptcy and Arbitration Issues and Developments"
Lecturer and co-author, The Conference on Consumer Finance Law (Dallas, Texas) - 2003
"Class Actions in Consumer Bankruptcy - Common Violations of the Bankruptcy Code
Class-Action Resistant Reaffirmation Agreements, Redemption Procedures, Update of Sec. 524 Private Right of Action Defense,"
Lecturer and author, American Conference Institute (New York City, New York) - 2003
"State Hotspots, Statutes and Practices that Can Make or Break Your Class Action"
Lecturer and co-author, American Conference Institute (New York City, New York) - 2003
"Automatic Stay/Discharge Injunction Issues When the Debtor Has Elected to 'Ride Through'"
Lecturer and co-author, American Conference Institute (San Francisco, California and New York City, New York). - 2002
"Using Arbitration to Minimize Class Action Litigation"
Lecturer, American Conference Institute (San Francisco, California and New York City, New York). - 2002
"Keeping Classes Out of Bankruptcy Court: Tips and Traps When Dealing With Bankrupt Debtors"
Lecturer, American Conference Institute (San Francisco, California and New York City, New York). - 2002
"Impact of Bankruptcy on Real Estate Loans and Foreclosure"
Lecturer and co-author, The Conference on Consumer Finance Law (Dallas, Texas). - 2002
"Litigation Risks and Update for Automobile Finance and Mortgage Lending in Mississippi and Beyond"
Lecturer and co-author, CompliSource (San Diego, California, 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana). - 2002
"Debt Collection, Bankruptcy and the Expanded Liability of Creditors"
Lecturer and co-author, The Conference on Consumer Finance Law (Palm Springs, California). - 2002
"Debtor-Creditor Law, Privacy, Fair Credit Reporting and Consumer Bankruptcy"
Lecturer and co-author, The Conference on Consumer Finance Law (Fort Worth, Texas). - 2002
"Recent Developments in Bankruptcy"
Lecturer and co-author, Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc., Twenty-First Annual Seminar. - 2002
"Recent Developments in Consumer Lending Arbitration"
Lecturer and co-author, American Conference Institute (San Francisco, California and New York City, New York). - 2002
"Issues in Bankruptcy Affecting Sub-Prime Lenders"
Lecturer and author, National Home Equity Mortgage Association Convention (New Orleans, Louisiana). - 2001
"The Implications of the 203 North Lasalle Case"
Lecturer and author, Seventh Annual Mid-South Bankruptcy Conference. - 2001
"Chapter 11 Issues"
Lecturer, Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc. Twentieth Annual Seminar. - 2000
"Bankruptcy: A Creditor's Perspective"
Lecturer and co-author, Lorman Education Services (2000). Lecturer and authori "Issues in Utility Bankruptcy Restructuring,"
22nd Annual National Conference of Regulatory Attorneys - 1999
"Issues in Utility Bankruptcy Restructuring"
Lecturer and author, 22nd Annual National Conference of Regulatory Attorneys. - 1999
"The Future of New Value"
Lecturer and author, Fifth Annual Mid-South Bankruptcy Conference (Memphis, Tennessee). - 1999
"Small Business and Single Asset Cases: Are Statutory Changes Necessary?"
Lecturer and co-author, American Bankruptcy Institute Annual Spring Meeting (Washington, D.C.). - 1998
"State Government Lawyers C.L.E. Program"
Lecturer, Mississippi Attorney General's Office. - 1997
"Protecting Creditors From Bankruptcy and Bad Debt Loss"
Lecturer and co-author, Heritage Professional Publishing. - 1997
"Debt Collection Seminar"
Lecturer and co-author, University of Mississippi School of Law. – 1996
"Successful Judgment Collections in Mississippi"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc.(1997). - 1996
"Hot Issues and Updates in Bankruptcy: Tenth Annual Bankruptcy Law Seminar"
Lecturer and co-author, Mississippi College School of Law. - 1996
"Ninth Annual Bankruptcy Seminar"
Lecturer and co-author, Memphis Bar Association Bankruptcy Section (Memphis, Tennessee). - 1996
"Ninth Annual Bankruptcy Law Seminar"
Chairman, Mississippi College School of Law. - 1995
"How to Protect Secured Interests in Bankruptcy in Mississippi"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc. - 1995
"Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference"
Lecturer, Mississippi Bar Convention (Sandestin, Florida). - 1995
"Eighth Annual Bankruptcy Seminar"
Lecturer and co-author, Memphis Bar Association Bankruptcy Section (Memphis, Tennessee). - 1995
"Recent Developments in Bankruptcy"
Lecturer, Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc. Bankruptcy Law Forum. - 1994
"Effective Mortgage Foreclosure Techniques in Mississippi"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc. - 1994
"The Ins and Outs of Bankruptcy Practice for Non-Bankruptcy Practitioners"
Lecturer and co-author, Lorman Education Services (1993) (1992) (1991) (1990). - 1994
"Mississippi Foreclosure and Repossession"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc. - 1994
"Eighth Annual Bankruptcy Law Seminar"
Lecturer and co-author, Mississippi College School of Law. - 1994
"Selected Bankruptcy Issues and Practices"
Lecturer and co-author, Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc. (1993) (1991). - 1994
"Legal Issues in Pastoral Ministry"
Lecturer, "Wesley Biblical Seminary. - 1993
"Foreclosure and Repossession in Mississippi, How to Do It Right"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc. (1992) (1990). - 1993
"How Recent Amendments to the Tax Code Will Change Your Bankruptcy Practice"
Mississippi Commentator, American Bar Association and Commercial Law League of America. – 1993
"Collecting Judgments"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc. - 1992
"The Status of the New Value Exception to the Absolute Priority Rule After Greystone II"
Lecturer, Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc. Bankruptcy Law Forum. - 1992
"Avoiding and Asserting Claims in Bankruptcy"
Lecturer, Eighteenth Annual Convention of the Associated General Contractors of Mississippi (Gulf Shores, Alabama). - 1991
"Fundamentals of Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 Cases"
Lecturer and co-author, Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc. - 1991
"Bankruptcy and Construction Law in Mississippi"
Lecturer, Associated General Contractors of Mississippi. - 1991
"Bankruptcy and Real Estate Law"
Lecturer, Tri-County Real Estate Attorneys Association. - 1991
"Taking Control and Turning Around Chapter 11 Companies"
Mississippi Commentator, Commercial Law League of America. - 1990
"Bad Faith Chapter 11 Filings"
Lecturer, Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc. Bankruptcy Law Forum Committee. - 1990
"Fourth Annual Bankruptcy Law Seminar"
Chairman, lecturer and co-author, Mississippi College School of Law. - 1990
"Bankruptcy Law"
Lecturer and co-author, Mississippi College School of Law. - 1989
"Sandestin Summer School"
Co-moderator, Mississippi State Bar Association (San Destin, Florida). - 1989
"Bankruptcy"
Co-author, Mississippi Business Journal (July). - 1989
"United States Trustee Program Goes Into Effect in Bankruptcy Courts in Mississippi"
Author, The Mississippi Lawyer (January-February). - 1989
"Recent Developments in Bankruptcy in Mississippi"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc. - 1989
"Basic Bankruptcy in Mississippi"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc. (1998) (1991) - 1988
"Bankruptcy Law Seminar: Selected Topics"
Lecturer and co-author, Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc. - 1988
"Bankruptcy Rules and Proposed Local Rules"
Co-author, Mississippi Bankruptcy Conference, Inc. - 1988
"How to Protect the Creditors"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc. - 1987
"Collection Techniques and the Law"
Lecturer and co-author, National Business Institute, Inc. - 1986
"Creditor Rights and Protection of Security Interests in Bankruptcy"
Lecturer, National Business Institute, Inc. - 1985
REPRESENTATIVE MATTERS
Bankruptcy Cases Represent The CIT Group, Bombardier Capital, Inc., Origen Financial, Inc., Enterprise Corporation of the Delta, Daimler Chrysler Services North America LLC, Bank One, General Electric Capital Business Asset Funding Corporation, Bank of America, Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., Chase Home Finance, Inc., Washington Mutual Bank, General Motors Acceptance Corporation, Washington Mutual Finance Company, HomeEq Servicing Corporation, Trustmark National Bank, and Vanderbilt Mortgage in numerous bankruptcy cases pending in Bankruptcy Courts in Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama and Louisiana.
Represented WHUD Real Estate Limited Partnership as the major secured creditor with claims in excess of $5,000,000.00 in Raintree Associates, Ltd., United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.
Represented Ennar-Bakrie Rubber, L.P., Continental General Tire, Inc., and DynaGen, Inc. as unsecured creditors with aggregate claims in excess of $2,000,000.00 in Condere Corporation, United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.
Represented Village Square Center, Ltd. as a major secured creditor in Village Square Shopping Associates, United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Utah.
Chapter 11 Casino Cases Represented Roy Anderson Corp as a major secured creditor with claims in excess of $11,000,000.00 in Maritime Group, Ltd. and Palace Casinos, Inc., and as a major secured creditor with claims in excess of $15,000,000.00 in Treasure Bay Corp. and Treasure Bay Gaming & Resorts, Inc., United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.
Represented Charles N. White Construction Company as a major secured creditor with claims in excess of $7,000,000.00 in Biloxi Casino Belle, Incorporated and Belle Casinos, Inc., United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.
Represented SunAmerica and MacKay Shields as local counsel in In re: President Casinos, Inc.; In re: President Riverboat Casino-Missouri, Inc.; In re: President Riverboat Casino-Mississippi, Inc.; In re: PRC Holdings Corporation; In Re: PRC Management, Inc.; In re: Vegas Vegas, Inc.; In re: President Riverboat Casino-New York, Inc.; In re: Broadwater Hotel, Inc.; In re: TCG/Blackhawk, Inc. which were pending in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.
Class Actions Represented General Motors Acceptance Corporation in a national lender liability class action suit in In re: Bobbie Jean Heath; represented NationsBanc Mortgage Corp., Bank of America Mortgage and Bank of America in a national lender liability class action suit in Locke D. Barkley, Chapter 13 Trustee of Willie D. Ross and Glenda J. Butler v. NationsBanc Mortgage Corp., Bank of America Mortgage and Bank of America; represent Washington Mutual Bank in a national lender class action in Sylvester Harris, et al. v. Washington Mutual Bank and in Pierce C. Roberts, et. Al. v. Washington Mutual Bank; represented HomEq Servicing Corporation in Thompson v. HomEq Servicing Corporations; these actions are or were pending in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Mississippi.
Lender Liability Suits Represented Chase Manhattan Mortgage Corporation, Bank One, N.A., Origen Financial, Inc., Bombardier Capital, Credit Acceptance Corporation, American Heritage Insurance, Protective Life Insurance, Fidelity Warranty, Toyota Motor Credit Corp., Vanderbilt Mortgage, Hurley State Bank, General Motors Acceptance Corporation, Washington Mutual Bank and WMC Mortgage in numerous lender liability suits in Federal and State Courts in Mississippi.
Represented Trustmark National Bank as a major secured creditor in In re: Freeman Horn, Inc. and In Re: Inelco, Inc., United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Mississippi, including, in connection therewith, defense of seven lender liability suits and prosecution of one judicial foreclosure suit, with a judgment at the trial and appellate levels in favor of Trustmark in all of the suits. Also represented Trustmark National Bank in defense of a lender liability suit in connection with Gunsmith’s, Inc., United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Mississippi. Also, represented Trustmark National Bank in defense of a lender liability suit in connection with Rosemont Gardens, Inc., United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.
Suits to Compel Arbitration Represented and have obtained very favorable opinions to compel arbitration on behalf of Bank One, N.A., Hurley State Bank, WMC Mortgage, Bombardier Capital, and Dynex Financial in various United States District Courts.
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